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Aberration
Any inherent deficiency of a lens or optical system which is responsible for imperfections in shape or sharpness of the image.
AC
refers to alternating current electricity. 110 volts AC is the type of electricity most often found in home and office electrical outlets in the United States. Outside the U.S. many countries have standard outlet voltage of 220 ~ 240 volts AC. In addition, many CCTV products use 24 volts AC, for which a separate power transformer is required.
AC Adaptor
Also called a power supply. All CCTV devices needs power of some sort. Each device has its own power requirements (usually 12 volts with a minimum amperage). The power coming out of the wall (in the US) is 110 to 120 AC. The adaptor converts the AC power to DC power and will adjust it to a specified amperage. The power supply should be included with each item - you usually don't have to buy these separately.
AC/DC
refers to changing between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Switching from AC power from your home or office outlet to DC current is required for most of our products. A transformer can easily be used to regulate the current; for this reason, we include AC/DC power supplies with almost all of our products. There are also power inverters which convert DC current to AC current. Such power inverters are commonly used to power 110 volt AC devices (such as a VCR video recorder) from a DC automotive or marine battery.
AGC
Automatic Gain Control. A circuit for automatically controlling amplifier gain in order to maintain a constant output voltage with a varying input voltage within a predetermined range of input-to-output variation.
Alarm Input
An input connection to a security VCR or DVR that triggers the unit to start recording if the alarm is triggered.
Alarm/Event
Operation is a feature found in many CCTV video recording devices like VCRs and DVRs. This allows the user to interface alarm sensors (like a PIR motion detector) with the recording device through an alarm in/out port (this port has a physical electical contact). An alarm/event capable recorder can then be set to automatically start and stop recording when the alarm is triggered (such as by motion). However, the digital revolution is replacing the need for bulky and expensive alarm sensors. Many newer digital DVR recorders feature advanced video motion detection, which can provide dynamic motion detection recording with built-in software alone.
Alkaline Battery
This is a type of battery most commonly found at retailers around the world. Alkaline batteries are suggested to power all video equipment using the mobile BAT-1, BAT-3, or BAT-AAA battery packs. For some products (those with input voltage as low as 9.6 volts DC), however, rechargeable Nickel-Metal-Hydride batteries may also be used. In addition, using lead acid, lithium-ion, or lithium polymer batteries may also provide adaquate power for video cameras and other devices so long as the +/- polarity is correct and the battery's output voltage falls within the device's safe operating range.
Amplifier
typically refers to a device which adds strength to a signal for a 'better' and / or longer performance ability. Amplifiers can be found for both wired and wireless equipment. A VDA (video distribution amplifier) is designed to extend a video signal through wires by boosting the power of the video signal. Transmitter-end and receiver-end amplifiers can be found for wireless equipment to help increase broadcast range potential.
Amps (A)
are used to measure electrical current consumption. 1 amp (A) = 1000 milliamps (mA).
Analog
There are two main ways of doing things electronically, analog or digital. An analog signal can be represented as a series of sine waves. The term originated because the modulation of the carrier wave is analogous to the fluctuations of the human voice or other sound that is being transmitted. Analog indicates a particular electical signal which conveys electronic data (i.e. a video signal or audio signal). Information carried over an analog signal is a representation of data by continuously varying quantities. An analog electrical signal has a different value of volts or amperes for electrical representation of the original excitement (light, sound, etc.) within a dynamic range specific to the analog device.
Analog System
Most cameras used in cctv applications are analog. Security VCRs, switchers, multiplexers and quads also are analog devices. Any cctv system that consists of analog devices are considered analog systems. Compare to 'digital systems'.
Angle of View
For security cameras, this refers to the angular range in degrees that you can focus the camera on without distorting the image. When focusing close up, you can generally see a wide angle of view. If the focus is distant, the angle of view is smaller or narrower. Smaller focal lengths give a wider angle of view
Antenna Element
Antennas for wireless equipment are constructed of elements which are specifically tuned to a given frequency or range of frequency to improve gain.
Antenna Gain
refers to any increase or decrease in the strength of a wireless RF radio frequency signal when considering external antenna equipment. Gain is typically measured in terms of decibels (dB) or a number of times of magnification.
Antenna Type
refers to the design of a particular antenna. Common antenna types for wireless CCTV are dipole whip antenna (the most common), yagi, flat panel, omni-directional, parabolic dish, and heliophase.
Aperture
The opening of a lens that controls the amount of light reaching the surface of the pickup device. The size of the aperture is controlled by the iris adjustment. By increasing the F-stop number (F/1.4, F/1.8, F/2.8 etc.) less light is permitted to pass to the pickup device.
Aperture Correction
Compensation for the loss in sharpness of detail because of the finite dimensions of the image elements or the dot-pitch of the monitor.
Aperature Scale
The aperture scale is referred to as a F-number. The international aperture scale is: F1, F1.4, F2, F2.8, F4, F4.6, F8, F11, F16, etc.
Armor Dome Camera
These cameras are designed to resist vandalism by using a hi-impact reinforced polycarbonate dome casing.
Aspect Ratio
The ratio of width to height for the frame of the televised picture. 4:3 for standard systems, 5:4 for 1K x 1K, and 16:9 for HDTV. Typically, CCTV cameras produce an aspect ratio of 4:3 (the vertical size of the picture is 75% of the horizontal width). This is the same ratio for compatibility with standard consumer televisions and video equipment as well as security-industry monitors and video recorders. Widescreen televisions, on the other hand, have a 16:9 aspect ratio.
Aspherical Lens
A lens which one or more of the elements have a non-spherical surface. Aspherical surfaces are shaped to reduce the spherical and other aberrations.
Attenuation
In general terms, a reduction in signal strength.
Audio
When audio is listed as a feature of some video product, this usually means one of a few things: a device for monitoring sound (microphone), a wireless transmitter's ability to broadcast sound, or a video recorder's ability to record audio.
Audio Input Plug
refers to the type of connector plug for a device's audio input jack. In most cases, this is a standard RCA connector or 1/8" (3.5mm) mini plug.
Audio Input Type
There are two basic kinds of audio found for video equipment connections: line-level and mic-level. Line-level indicates that the audio input device (like a microphone) must be preamplified in order to record or broadcast the audio signal.
Audio Output Plug
Refers to the type of connector plug for a device's audio output. In most cases, this is a standard RCA connector or 1/8" (3.5mm) mini plug.
Audio Output Type
Audio output for a device can be either line-level or mic-level (see note above in audio input type). So long as the audio output is line-level, there is no need for mic-level connections. Video recorders and monitors typically have line-level inputs, making connections simple.
Auto Balance
A system for detecting errors in color balance in white and black areas of the picture and automatically adjusting the white and black levels of both the red and blue signals as needed for correction.
Auto Brightness Control
In display devices, the self-acting mechanism which controls brightness of the device as a function of ambient light.
Auto Electronic Shutter
The ability of the camera to compensate for moderate light changes in indoor applications without the use of auto iris lenses.
Auto Frequency
An arrangement whereby the frequency of an oscillator is automatically maintained within specified limits.
Auto Gain Control (AGC)
This term refers to a circuit within the camera which regulates image brightness levels for optimum performance and highest video quality.
Auto Iris Lens
is a lens with a built-in method of automatically controlling the lens aperture for the best video quality under diverse and changing lighting conditions. Auto-iris lenses can be especially helpful under very low light and bright direct forward light. In order to use an auto-iris lens, however, the video camera you are using must have a built-in auto-iris port to supply the lens with a small amount of DC electical voltage. Manual iris lenses are also available and do not require any special ports or cable connections.
Auto Light Control (ALC)
The process by which the illumination incident upon the face of a pickup device is automatically adjusted as a function of scene brightness. ALC indicates the image sensor's ability to automatically adjust in diverse lighting conditions to yield the most vivid video image possible.
Auto Light Range
The range of light, e.g., sunlight to moonlight, over which a TV camera is capable of automatically operating at specified output.
Auto White Balance
A feature on color cameras that constantly monitors the light and adjusts its color to maintain white areas.
Back Focus
Back focus is a term used to describe the relationship of the distance of the lens to the image device. This distance is critical to maintain the proper depth of field through changing focal lengths and varying light conditions. The correct back focus is normally achieved by adjusting the image pick-up device on the camera itself.
Back Lighting Compensation (BLC)
When filming in directions with backlighting such as entrance-ways or windows where the backlighting causes the subject to appear as a silhouette, this function automatically adjusts to the most appropriate aperture.
Back Porch
That portion of the composite picture signal which lies between the trailing edge of the horizontal sync pulse and the trailing edge of the corresponding blanking pulse.
Bandwidth
The amount of data that may be sent over a wire (commonly called a network) is referred to as a band-with. At any one time this data is measured in Kilobits, Megabits or Gigabits. As a short hand the first letter of each name is used. An example would be that Kilobits is shortened to “K”. This measurement refers to the number of “on and off signals” that can be sent per second. The average household modem used to connect to the Internet operates at 28.8Kbps, which is 28,800,000 bits per second. Few, if any companies operate on a household modem and we can apply this measure to the standard office network. The average network operates at 10 Megabits, which is 10,000,000.00 (ten million) bits per second. That is a big number and a lot of data traveling at one time. This number is generally enough for 50 to a 100 average users or 10 to 15 people playing Real-Time Radio over the Internet.
Bar Test Pattern
Special test pattern for adjusting color TV receivers or color encoders. The upper portion consists of vertical bars of saturated colors and white. The power horizontal bars have black and white areas and I and Q signals.
Battery
Refers to a stored power device.
Battery Run Time
Indicates the amount of time a piece of electronic equipment can realistically be powered using a particular battery pack. For instance, the CC-1HAD color board camera has a battery run time of about 24 hours when using eight fresh "AA" alkaline batteries in our BAT-1 or BAT-3 battery packs. More battery time could potentially be obtained with a higher capacity battery. It must also be noted that the more power consumption load on a battery or battery pack
Black & White (monochrome) Camera
Cameras are available with either color or monochrome image sensors. Monochrome cameras are typically referred to as black and white because video image they produce is in shades of gray. Only black and white CCD cameras have the ability to utilize IR infrared lighting. Also, even without infrared lighting, a monochrome camera will generally perform better in low light conditions than will a color camera equipped with a comparable CCD imager, lens, and quality of manufacture.
Blooming
The defocusing of regions of the picture where the brightness is at an excessive level, due to enlargement of spot size and halation of the fluorescent screen of the cathode-ray picture tube. In a camera, sensor element saturation and excess which causes widening of the spatial representation of a spot light source.
BNC
is the type of connector plug commonly found on CCTV devices for video and audio input / output connections. BNC is the choice for broadcast video and security video professionals because of its locking design. BNC plugs are easily adapted to standard consumer RCA connectors using a simple one-piece plug adapter.
Board Camera
fully functional board level camera without casing.
Board Lens
1/2" dia. miniature lens for board camera, miniature camera and bullet camera.
Body Worn Camera
portable covert camera such as button camera, pen camera, pager camera, with battery power for covert operation. aka: portable camera
Bounce
Sudden variations in picture presentation (brightness, size, etc.,) independent of scene illumination.
Brightness
The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which an area appear to emit more of less light. (Luminance is the recommended name for the photo-electric quantity which has also been called brightness.)
Brightness Control
is a feature found on many monitors. It allows the user to manually select the level of screen backlighting (brightness).
Broadband
In television system use, a device having a band pass greater than the band of a single VHF television channel.
Bullet Camera
cylindrical shape camera. available in pinhole bullet camera and outdoor bullet camera. aka: lipstick camera.
Bullet Camera
A bullet design refers to a camera with a cylindrical shape using an inline video imaging chip (rather than a board design). These cameras are sometimes also called "lipstick cameras" or "inline CCD cameras."
Bullet Camera
A type of camera with a bullet like shape. Can be used inside or out. Some come with infrared lighting.
Bullet Proof Camera
stainless hardened metal cased camera used to resist damage from gun shots.
Burned-In-Image
Also called burn. An image which persists in a fixed position in the output signal of a camera tube after the camera has been turned to a different scene or, on a monitor screen.
C Mount
A television camera lens mount of the 16 mm format, 1 inch in diameter with 32 threads per inch.
C-/CS-Mount Lenses and Cameras
The security industry has agreed upon a standard size lens mounting thread and coupling diameter with C and CS mount lenses. Cameras built with this type of lens mount can easily be configured with any of a large variety of C and CS mount lenses available for CCTV. Although C and CS are not exactly the same size, most cameras designed for this type of lens can accept either configuration using a simple plastic adapter. These lenses are standardized and will always thread properly, but exchanging C and CS mount lenses does require back focusing. This process requires the user / installer to slowly find the exact right thread position of the lens to ensure a clear video image.
C-MOUNT
The first standard for CCTV lens screw mounting. It is defined with the thread of 1"(2.54mm) in diameter and 32 threads/inch, and the back flange-to-CCD distance of 17.526mm (0.69"). The C-mount description applies to both lenses and cameras. C-mount lenses can be both, C-mount and CS-mount cameras, only in the later case an adaptor is required.
C-mount Camera
C-Mount cameras are designed to accommodate custom lenses. The lenses can be removed and replaced.
Cable
The wiring used to connect electronic devices. Cables transmit different kinds of signals such as video, power, data, and audio signals. Refer to plug and play cable and RG59 siamese cable for more information.
Camcorder Pinhole Lens
pinhole lens attachment lens to most camcorders for self contained portable covert video
Camera Enclosure
protective casing for various cameras. Comes in outdoor, indoor, corner mount, wall mount, ceiling mount etc. aka: camera housing, environmental housing
CAMERA FORMAT
The approximate size of a camera image pickup device. This measurement is derived from the diagonal line of a chip or the diameter of the tube. Currently there are five format sizes in the CCTV industry 1", 2/3", ½", 1/3" and, ¼"
Camera Housing
see: camera enclosure
Camera Server
see: web camera
Car Backup System
see: car rear view system
Car Rear View System
12~24V DC, shack resistant monitor with a mirror image outdoor camera. aka: car backup system
CCD
see Charge-Coupled Device.
CCD Camera
Charged Couple Device imaging camera with high resolution over 380 TV lines in B/W and 330 TV lines in color.
CCIR
is the standard monochrome video format used in most of Europe, Israel, and some other places in the world. CCIR products are also generally referred to as PAL because all PAL products can also handle black and white CCIR video.
CCTV
see Closed Circuit Television.
CCTV Camera
standard rectangular shape camera used for overt security. aka: security camera.
CCTV Monitor
high resolution (400 ~ 1000 TV lines) monitors for security cameras.
CCTV System
general term for a complete security system including camera (s), monitor, time lapse VCR etc.
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)
Stands for "charge-coupled device". First invented in the 1970s, this technology uses a shift register combined with photodiodes to create the modern day imaging device. Used in cameras, scanners, fax machines, etc. This is a solid-state semiconductor element which uses hundreds of thousands of tiny pixel elements to accept light and translate that information into a vivid, visible picture image. A CCD is one type of camera image sensor. CCDs produce MUCH higher resolution, lower light sensitivity, and better overall video quality than CMOS imagers (also commonly found in CCTV industry cameras).
Chroma
That quality of color which embraces both hue and saturation. White, black, and grays have no chroma.
Chroma Control
A control of color television receiver that regulates the saturation (vividness) of colors in a color picture.
Chroma Detector
Detects the absence of chrominance information in a color encoder input. The chroma detector automatically deletes the color burst from the color encoder output when the absence of chrominance is detected.
Chromatic Aberration
An optical defect of a lens which causes different colors or wave lengths of light to be focused at different distances from the lens. It is seen as color fringes or halos along edges and around every point in the image.
Chromaticity
The color quality of light which is defined by the wavelength (hue) and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the qualities of color except its brightness.
Chrominance
A color term defining the hue and saturation of a color. Does not refer to brightness.
Chrominance Signal
That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the color information.
Clamp
A device which functions during the horizontal blanking or synchronizing interval to fix the level of the picture signal at some predetermined reference level at the beginning of each scanning line.
Clamping
The process that established a fixed level for the picture level at the beginning of each scanning line.
Clipping
The shearing off of the peaks of a signal. For a picture signal. This effects the positive (white).
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
Television system intended for only a limited number of viewers, as opposed to broadcast TV. A CCTV Camera is a unit containing an imaging device that produces a video signal in the basic bandwidth. The realm of video security and surveillance is also referred to as CCTV.
CMOS
stands for charged metal oxide semiconductor. This is one type of camera image sensor which uses a charged metal surface to detect light and create a video image. CMOS technology is often smaller than CCD chips are currently capable of, so these cameras can often be quite miniature. While very low quality CMOS cameras are available for as little as $10 or $20, even the highest resolution CMOS cameras cannot compete with newer CCD imagers in the important fields of resolution, sharpness, and low light performance.
CMOS Camera
economical low resolution imaging camera (200 TV lines ~ 380 TV lines).
Coaxial Cable
A particular type of cable capable of passing a wide range of frequencies with very low signal loss. Such a cable in its simplest form, consists of a hollow metallic shield with a single wire accurately placed along the center of the shield and isolated from the shield.
Coaxial Cable
is the most common type of cable used for transmitting a video signal through copper wire. This type of wiring has a coaxial cross-section where an outer shielding protects the actual interior signal conductor from electromagnetic interference. In the CCTV industry, the term "coax" usually refers to RG-59 cable with BNC-type plug ends.
Codec
refers to an internal computer component which processes analog information (like a video or audio signal) into a digital format such as MJPEG, MPEG-4, Wavelet, etc. for electronic storage on digital recording media. Without a codec in place to compress and digitize video, digital video recording to a hard disk drive would not be possible.
Color Burst
That portion of the composite color signal, comprising a few cycles of a sine wave of chrominance subcarrier frequency, which is used to establish a reference for demodulating the chrominance signal. Normally approximately 9 cycles of 3.579545 MHz.
Color Camera
Cameras are available with either color or monochrome image sensors. Color cameras produce video images bearing the entire visible spectrum of colors. And because color CCD cameras have come a long way in recent years, the colors of objects appear vivid, crisp, and distinguished on monitoring and playback of video.
Color Edging
Extraneous colors appearing at the edges of colored objects, and differing from the true colors in the object.
Color Encoder
A device which produces an NTSC color signal from separate R, G, and B video inputs.
Color Fringing
Spurious colors introduced into the picture by the change in position of the televised object from field to field.
Color Purity
The degree to which a color is free of white or any other color. In reference to the operation of a tri-color picture tube it refers to the production of pure red, green or blue illumination of the phosphor dot face plate.
Color Saturation
The degree to which a color is free of white light.
Color Sync Signal
A signal used to establish and to maintain the same color relationships that are transmitted.
Color Transmission
The transmission of a signal which represents both the brightness values and the color values in a picture.
Composite Video
is the standard type of analog video signal utilized by most CCTV video cameras. This signal is plug and play compatible with most consumer televsion and VCR equipment. However, this type of video should not be confused with digital "component" inputs which may ALSO found on newer televisions and other home video equipment. A composite video signal has the correct phase rate, luminance, and chrominance information to be compatible with a particular video format such as NTSC, PAL, EIA, CCIR, etc.
Composite Video Signal
The combined picture signal, including vertical and horizontal blanking and synchronizing signals.
Compression
The reduction in gain at one level of a picture signal with respect to the gain at another level of the same signal.
Compression
Refers to taking an incoming signal or image, which can be analog or digital, and compressing the data so it can be stored or transmitted faster and using less resources. There are many different algorithms and techniques that are used to compress data.
Compression Method
Refers to the computer software technique the codec in a DVR video recorder (or DVR card) uses to convert the video signal to digital information so it can be compressed and stored on digital media like a hard disk drive, DVD, or CD. Uncompressed video would require massive processing power and nearly unlimited storage capacity and is, therefore, completely out of the question in the real world. MPEG(M-JPEG) and Wavelet are the most common types of compressed digital video, but there are variants of these in addition to other proprietary formats. MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 typically offer the highest quality recording (DVDs use MPEG-2), but smaller file sizes can be obtained by using a lower resolution, more efficient compression method like Wavelet or MPEG-4. It should also be noted that the method of compression a video codec uses to compress and digitize video information may NOT always indicate the video file type / extension for playback. Instead, the final digital video format available from a DVR recorder on backup (via USB, CD or DVD burner, etc.) could be in AVI format or even a proprietary format despite MPEG compression.
Contrast
The range of light to dark values in a picture or the ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness values.
Contrast Control
is a feature of many video monitors. This allows the user to manually adjust the screen contrast for better picture visibility.
Contrast Range
The ratio between the whitest and blackest portions of television image.
Contrast Ratio
is a monitor specification. This number indicates the dynamic range of brightness (difference between darkest and brightest) a monitor is capable of displaying.
Convergence
The crossover of the three electron beams of a three-gun tri-color picture tube. This normally occurs at the plane of the aperture mask.
Covert
A covert application refers to a situation where you don't want the person to know that they are being watched or recorded. Also known as 'hidden' cameras.
Covert Camera
hidden camera such as nanny camera, pinhole camera, pen camera, miniature camera etc.
Crosstalk
An undesired signal from a different channel interfering with the desired signal.
CS-MOUNT
A newer standard for lens mounting. It uses the same physical thread as the C-mount, but the back flange-to-CCD distance is reduced to 12.5mm in order to have the lenses made smaller, more compact and less expensive. CS-mount lenses can only be used on CS-mount cameras.
Current Delivery
indicates the amount of electrical current (usually measured in milliamps, amps, or watts) available from some device which has output voltage (like an AC/DC power transformer or a battery pack). Current delivery describes the amount of "juice" a power supply or other product which outputs voltage can deliver to another product in need of electrical power.
Current Draw
indicates the amount of electrical current (measured typically in milliamps or amps) required to safely and effectively power a device.
Day & Night Camera
Color camera producing full color under a normal lighting and B/W video under infrared illumination.
Day / Night Camera
"Day/Night Cameras" are regular cameras with an especially sensitive CCD chip that allows a good image to be captured in very low ambient lighting (regular lighting - not infrared). Do not confuse these cameras with "Night Vision" cameras which is another name for infrared cameras.
DB
Basically, a measure of the power ratio of two signals. In system use, a measure of the voltage ratio of two signals, provided they are measured across a common impedance.
DC
refers to direct current electricity. This is the type of electricity is used to power many small electronic devices.
DC Type Auto-Iris
Auto-iris lenses where the iris is controlled by the circuitry of the camera.
Decoder
The circuitry in a color TV receiver which transforms the detected color signals into a form suitable to operate the color tube.
Definition
The fidelity of a television system to the original scene.
Depth of Field
The in-focus range of a lens or optical system. It is measured from the distance behind an object to the distance in front of the object when the viewing lens shows the object to be in focus.
DEPTH OF FIELD
The regions in front of and behind the focused distance where the image remains in focus. With a greater the depth of field, more of the scene near to far is in focus. Lens aperture and scene lighting will greatly influence the D.O.F.
Depth of Focus
The range of sensor-to-lens distance for which the image formed by the lens is clearly focused.
Digital
indicates information which is encoded into ones and zeros (binary code) by some computer processing element. Digital in this industry, however, can refer to several different things. Digital video refers to digital recording of video using a DVR video recorder or DVR card.
Digital
There are two main ways of doing things electronically, analog or digital. The digital method is to consider a circuit either on or off. A digital voltage or signal refers to the discrete nature of digital voltage potentials in digital circuits. TTL (Bipolar Transistor-Transistor Logic) defines 0.0 Volts as a logic 0 or low, and 5.0 Volts as a logic 1 or high; These are single values for clarity - there are actually ranges of voltage potentials around 0.0V and 5.0V which are recognized as low and high logic levels, respectively.
Digital Multiplexer
records image on to a hard disk or CD-ROM. multiple camera inputs. remote viewing available in some models. aka: hard disk recorder, DVR also available in self contained unit w/o computer
Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
is a level of image correction or enhancement which takes place within a device using a digital computer element. This digital element encodes the information into digital information for the highest level of detail and quality. Cameras with DSP imagers do not necessarily produce "digital video," but they do provide very crisp video images. Quads and multiplexers offering DSP do not necessarily produce "digital video" either, but they do deliver very high resolution and often other dynamic characteristics.
Digital Signal Processing
An algorithm within the camera that digitizes data (the image). Examples include automatic compensate for backlight interference, color balance variations and corrections related to aging of electrical components or lighting. Functions such as electronic pan and zoom, image annotation, compression of the video for network transmission, feature extraction and motion compensation can be easily and inexpensively added to the camera feature set.
Digital Spy Camera
compact still picture camera with memory, download capability to a computer
Digital System
CCTV systems are just lately coming into the digital age. Most security cameras are still analog. There are some digital cameras available but they are extremely expensive. Where digital technology is really making ground in CCTV is with digital video recorders (or DVRs). Any CCTV system that includes a DVR is considered a digital system.
Digital Video (DV)
refers to video which has been compressed into digital information for storage onto digital storage media like a hard disk drive, CD, or DVD. The quality of digital video will vary depending on factors such as the camera quality and compression method.
Digital Video Recorder (dvr)
A digital video recorder is basically a computer that converts the incoming (analog) signal from the cameras to digital, and compresses it, and stores it. The DVR replaces the function of a multiplexer (or quad or switcher) and a security VCR. There are many advantages of digital video recorders over their analog counterparts.
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
This device is capable of accepting one or more video (and sometimes audio) input signals for recording onto digital storage media. A DVR is basically a computer specifically designed to gather and compress video into a digital video format for storage on a hard disk drive or other form of digital media. DVRs are quickly replacing VCR video recorders for security and surveillance purposes without the need for changing tapes. Key differences between DVR and VCR recorders come to available features. Advanced DVRs are capable of accepting multiple video and / audio inputs without the need for bulky and expensive multiplexers or video quads. As well, most DVRs offer built-in motion detection recording (without costly and conspicuous PIR motion sensors), and many can be remotely viewed and played back over the internet. Some models may easily be backed up onto external media for long term archival. These backup methods may include CDs, DVDs, flash media cards, or via USB to a computer or other storage device.
Directional Antenna
An antenna for wireless equipment which sends or receives a propugated radio signal on the same axis as the corresponding antenna on the other end (with line-of-sight visibility between the two whenever possible). While omni-directional antennas are great for short range broadcasts because of their versatility, high gain directional antennas are recommended for most long range wireless video applications.
Distortion
The deviation of the received signal waveform from that of the original transmitted waveform.
Distribution Amplifier
A device that provides several isolated outputs from one looping or bridging input, and has a sufficiently high input impedance and input-to-output isolation to prevent loading of the input source.
Dome Camera
camera inside a vandal proof plastic dome casing with omni directional bracket.
Dome Camera
A type of camera with a dome like shape. Usually used inside only. Some come with infrared lighting and some are designed to be tamper-proof.
Duplex
A duplex device can transmit data into and out of the electronic device at the same time. For example, a full duplex digital video recorder can continue capturing and recording images even while a different image is being displayed.
Duplex Multiplexer
multiplexer with independent viewing control without interfering with recording.
DVR
Digital Video Recorder. A video recorder that stores video digitally on to its hard disk, no tape required.
DVR Card
A DVR card is a device for installation in a home PC computer which converts that PC into a DVR digital video recorder by gathering video and compressing it into digital information onto a computer's hard disk drive. When all works well, this allows a home PC to record up to several surveillance cameras. However, due to reliability concerns and software glitches associated with Windows® as an operating system platform, using PCI cards to record video is not recommended. A home PC is designed to perform many operations at once, but relatively simple functions. Recording digital video requires enormous system resources like computer memory and processor attention. Complete DVR digital video recorders designed specifically to handle recorded video (and solely recorded video) offer the benefits of reliability, as well as simple setup and use, a computer card can never achieve.
Dynamic Range
The difference between the maximum acceptable signal level and the minimum acceptable signal level.
Effective Pixels
concerns the operation of a camera's CCD image sensor. A CCD is comprised of hundreds of thousands of tiny pixel elements which translate light to a visible video image. But effective pixels must be distinguished from total pixels. Of the total number of pixels contained on a CCD image chip, some are not used for video imaging whatsoever. The number of effective pixels indicates exactly how many of the pixels are actively at work to deliver video. A higher number of effective pixels tends to indicate a higher resolution camera, though this number may not always describe actual video quality in the important categories of sharpness, color saturation and vividness, as well as low light performance.
EIA
is the standard monochrome video format used in North America, Japan, and some other places in the world. EIA products are also generally referred to as NTSC because nearly all NTSC products like televisions and VCRs can also handle black and white EIA video.
EIA Sync
The signal used for the synchronizing of scanning specified in EIA Standards RS-170, RS-330, RS-343, or subsequent issues.
Equalizer
An electronic circuit that introduces compensation for frequency discriminative effects of elements within the television system, particularly long coaxial transmission systems.
Electronic Shutter
This feature automatically changes the speed at which light is captured in fields of video by the CCD image sensor. Automatic electronic shutter determines the amount of light available and helps deliver the best quality video by dynamically adjusting for the current lighting conditions by toning down light levels in very bright situations and boosting brightness in low lighting situations.
Enclosed Board Camera (a.k.a. Module Camera)
This term refers to cameras with their electronic board circuitry enclosed or housed inside a protective metal or plastic casing. Enclosed board cameras are not as delicate as exposed board cameras (although all electronics should be handled carefully), but they are also slightly larger and heavier.
Environmental Housing
see: camera enclosure
Ethernet/Modem
indicates a network communication device for computer-type devices.
Event Recorder
VCR with a trigger input such as a motion detector (built-in to all time lapse VCR) aka: event VCR
Event VCR
see: event recorder
Exposed Board Camera
This term refers to cameras with electronic board circuitry left exposed on the camera's without a housing or enclosure. These cameras are considered delicate and must be used and handled gently, but are great for some limited applications (like unmanned / radio-controlled vehicles, OEM applications, or body worn video use) because of their slim profile and low weight. In order to provide some degree of protection, all exposed board camera models found on this site come standard with 3M heat shrink coating. For a better protected miniature camera, please consider an enclosed board model.
F-Number
In lenses with adjustable iris, the maximum iris opening is expressed as a ratioffocal length of the lens)/(maximum diameter of aperture). This maximum iris will be engraved on the front ring of the lens. the brightness of the image formed by the lens, controlled by the iris. The smaller the F-number the brighter the image.
F-Stop
A term used to indicate the speed of a lens. The smaller the F-number the greater amount of light passes through the lens. Also called F Number and F System. It is calculated by dividing the focal length of the lens by its diameter.
Fast Dome Camera
dome camera with pan & tilt, zoom control
Fiber Optics
Also called optical fibers or optical fiber bundles. An assemblage of transparent glass fibers all bundled together parallel to one another. The length of each fiber is much greater than its diameter. This bundle of fibers has the ability to transmit a picture from one of its surfaces to the other around curves and into otherwise inaccessible places with an extremely low loss of definition and light, by a process of total reflection.
Field
One of the two equal but vertically separated parts into which a television frame is divided in an interlaced system of scanning. A period of 1/60 second separates each field start time.
Field
Video is generally "phased" (speed of realtime display) at a rate of 2 fields per one frame of video. This type of system is referred to as 2:1 interlace. Therefore, fields per second and frames per second do not mean the same thing (this is common misconception in multiple camera processors and DVR recording). The number of fields per second is always twice as high as the number of frames per second.
Field of View
The maximum angle of view that can be seen through a lens or optical instrument.
Field of View
refers to the angle at which a camera is able to produce a visible image. This angle can be described in terms of diagonal, horizontal, or vertical degrees. A camera's field of view is determined by its lens configuration. Fixed lenses have set fields of view, while cameras with varifocal or power zoom lenses have adjustable fields of view.
FIELD OF VIEW
The horizontal or vertical scene size at a given length from the camera to the subject.
Fishing Camera
battery powered underwater camera and monitor system w/ up to 100' depth capability.
Fixed Lens
A fixed focus lens has one set focal length with a specific field of view which cannot be changed. Any camera without a varifocal or power zoom has a fixed focus lens. This means that although the user cannot manipulate the field of view, everything in the picture beyond a few inches will be clear and in focus. Objects simply get smaller as they move further away from the camera (unlike a camcorder which may be focused only on a small area with blurred vision of the video image in the foreground or background of that area).
Flat Panel Antenna
An antenna for wireless with a flat antenna element contained inside a protective weatherproof housing. As a highly directional antenna, a flat panel is intended to send or receive a propugated radio signal on the same axis as the corresponding antenna on the other end (with line-of-sight visibility between the two whenever possible). While omni-directional antennas are great for short range broadcasts because of their versatility, high gain directional antennas are recommended for most long range wireless video applications.
Focal Length
Of a lens, the distance from the focal point to the principal point of the lens.
Focal Length
indicates the distance between the optical center of a lens and a video camera's image sensor device. For practical purposes, lens focal length refers to a camera's angle of view. Lenses with a higher focal length number have more narrow, telephoto fields of view. A very low number focal length indicates a very wide field of view. It should also be noted that different cameras (photograpic cameras, different imager sizes in video cameras, etc.) will deliver different viewing angles with the same focal length lens.
FOCAL LENGTH
The distance from the center of the lens to a plane at which point a sharp image of an object viewed at an infinite position. The focal length determines the size of the image and angle of FOV seen by the camera through the lens. This is the center of the lens to the image pickup device.
Focal Plane
A plane (through the focal point) at right angles to the principal point of the lens.
Focal Point
The point at which a lens or mirror will focus parallel incident radiation.
Footcandle
See lumen/ft 2.
Footlambert (FL)
A unit of luminance equal to 1/candela per square foot or to the uniform luminance at a perfectly diffusing surface emitting or reflecting light at the rate of one lumen per square foot. A lumen per square foot is a unit of incident light and a footlambert is a unit of emitted or reflected light. For a perfectly reflecting and perfectly diffusing surface, the number of lumens per square foot is equal to the number of footlamberts.
FPS Display Rate (a.k.a. Screen Refresh Rate)
indicates the number of frames per second a VCR or DVR recorder will display on a monitor for simultaneous viewing. Please DO NOT CONFUSE this specification with FPS Record / Playback Rate. The rate at which each camera is displayed is often NOT the same as the number of frames per second the recorder captures for playback. Many DVR sellers flash "realtime display rate" or "30 frames / sec. display rate" but do not in fact offer realtime playback of recorded video.
FPS Record Rate
describes exactly how many frames per second a video recorder can actually capture. Analog recorders like VCRs can easily record in realtime (30 frames / sec. for standard NTSC) or timelapse (fewer than 30 frames / sec. for NTSC). Many digital DVR recorders, however, cannot record actual realtime video. Many sellers try to mislead consumers by advertising FPS Display Rate instead of actual record rate. For most situations, recording rate is the spec to pay attention to. However, please note specifications for digital video equipment are not the only numbers to rely on. In fact, many DVR recorders outperform their specifications upon real world testing while other low quality units often record at a much slower rate than their specs claim.
Frame
The total area, occupied by the television picture, which is scanned while the picture signal is not blanked.
Frame
a full frame of video is the combination of two image fields interlaced together. A frame is one basic screen capture taken by a camera. 30 frames are displayed in one second of realtime video for NTSC format. PAL format is phased at a rate of 25 frames per second for realtime.
Frame Frequency
The number of times per second that the frame is scanned. The U.S. standard is 30 frames per second.
Frame Transfer
A CCD imager where an entire matrix of pixels is read into storage before being output from the camera. Differs from Interline Transfer where lines of pixels are output
Frames Per Second (FPS)
describes the number of full video frames displayed or recorded within one second. True realtime video consists of 30 frames / sec. for NTSC format and 25 frames / sec. for PAL format. Be sure not to confuse frames per second with "fields per second" or "images per second". A complete frame of video is compiled of two separate images (or fields), so the number of fields in one second is always twice the number of frames per second.
Frames Per Second (fps)
In digital video applications, refers to the number of video images that can be captured, displayed, or recorded in a second. Also referred to as the 'frame rate' or 'refresh rate'.
Frequency
is the number of competed cycles of an electronic signal that occur in a given length of time. Frequency is usually measured in cycles per second (Hertz, Hz). For most CCTV industry equipment, frequency is used to describe the RF radio frequency at which wireless equipment operates. Frequency can also be used to describe the cycles of electrical current for the signal system.
Frequency Interlace
The method by which color and black and white sideband signals are interwoven within the same channel bandwidth.
Frequency Response
The range of band of frequencies to which a unit of electronic equipment will offer essentially the same characteristics.
Front Porch
The portion of a composite picture signal which lies between the leading edge of the horizontal blanking pulse and the leading edge of the corresponding sync pulse.
Gain
An increase in voltage or power, usually expressed in dB.
GAIN
Any increase or decrease in strength of an electrical signal. Gain is measured in terms of decibels or number times of magnification.
Gain
indicates any increase or decrease in the strength of an electical signal, often a wireless RF radio frequency signal when considering external antenna equipment. Gain is typically measured in terms of decibels (dB) or a number of times of magnification.
Gamma
A numerical value, or the degree of contrast in a television picture, which is the exponent of that power law which is used to approximate the curve of output magnitude versus input magnitude over the region of interest.
Gamma Correction
To provide for a linear transfer characteristic from input to output device.
Gamma Correction
refers to the correction of linear response of a video camera image sensor in order to compensate for the monitor phosphor screen nonlinear response. Without gamma correction set to the inverse (exact opposite corresponding value) of the monitor's gamma, a video camera would not be able to provide a complete video image for a unified display. Gamma correction is measured with the exponential value of the curve describing the non-linearity.
Genlock
A device used to lock the frequency of an internal sync generator to an external source.
Ghost
A spurious image resulting from an echo.
GHz (gigahertz)
is a measure of frequency. 1 GHz = 1000 MHz = 10,000 KHz = 100,000 Hz.
Grade A Chipset
CCD imager chips come in a variety of image and manufacture qualities, but grade A / 1st grade chipsets are always best. These types of CCD chips are made by the finest manufacturers in Japan and are only found in the BEST surveillance cameras. Because of their cost, the newest level of grade A chips are a minority in today's marketplace. Also, older grade A chips do not usually compare to the newest revisions and models. We carry cameras built with only the highest quality, and latest grade A CCD imager chips to bring our clients the absolute best image quality at an affordable price.
Gray Scale
Variations in value from white, through shades of gray, to black on a television screen. The gradations approximate the tonal values of the original image picked up by the TV camera.
GUI Menu
stands for graphical user interface menu. Products which feature GUI menus can be programmed with on-screen guides similar to a home television or VCR.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
is a magnetic media storage device for recording digital information (like that used by computers or digital DVR video recorders).
Hard Disk Recorder
see: digital multiplexer
HDD Capacity
indicates the amount of information which can be stored on hard disk drive. This figure is measured in bytes. 1 GB = 1016 MB = 1032256 KB = 1048772000 bytes.
HDD Speed
Indicates the speed at which a hard disk drive is capable of encoding information.
Hidden Camera
general term for all covert cameras such as pinhole camera, miniature camera, nanny camera etc.
Housing
Special covering or container to protect a camera from extreme temperatures or weather conditions.
Hue
Corresponds to colors such as red, blue, etcetera.
Hum
Electrical disturbance at the power supply frequency or harmonics thereof.
HUNTING
An industry term used to describe a auto-iris lenses inability to stabilize under certain light conditions.
Hz (hertz)
is a measure of frequency (indicates cycles per second in an electronic or RF signal). 1 GHz = 1000 MHz = 10,000 KHz = 100,000 Hz.
Image Intensifier
A device coupled by fiber optics to a TV image pickup sensor to increase sensitivity. Can be single or multi stage.
Image Plane
The plane at right angles to the optical axis at the image point.
Image Sensor
indicates the type of semiconductor which handles video processing inside of a camera. Older CCTV cameras used tubes to process light information. CMOS and CCD image sensors are the most widely available for security cameras in today's market. CCD cameras provide by far the highest quality video of any type of image sensor.
Impedance (input or Output)
The input or output characteristic of a system component that determines the type of transmission cable to be used. The cable used must have the same characteristic impedance as the component. Expressed in ohms. Video distribution has standardized on 75-ohm coaxial and 124-ohm balanced cable.
Incident Light
The light that falls directly on an object.
Infrared
The region of the electromagnetic spectrum bounded by the long-wavelength extreme of the visible spectrum (approximately 0.7 m) and the shortest microwaves (approximately 0.1 mm).
Infrared Camera
b/w or dual mode camera with LED illuminators for night vision aka: LED camera, night vision camera
Infrared Camera
Infrared cameras (aka night vision cameras) have special infrared lights installed around the perimeter of the camera lens. This provides special light that the camera uses to capture a good picture even in total darkness.
Infrared Illuminator
LED light source only visible to a b/w camera
Input Voltage
indicates the type of electrical current (AC or DC) and the voltage required to safely and effectively power a device.
Insertion Loss
The signal strength loss when a piece of equipment is inserted into a line.
Interference
Extraneous energy which tends to interfere with the reception of the desired signals.
Interlaced Scanning
A scanning process for reducing image flicker in which the distance from center to center of successively scanned lines is two or more times the nominal line width, and in which the adjacent lines belong to different fields.
Interline Transfer
A technology of CCD design, where rows of pixels are output from the camera. The sensor's active pixel area and storage register are both contained within the active image area. This differs from "frame transfer" cameras that move all active pixels to a storage register outside of the active area.
Internet Cam
see: web camera
Internet Camera
see: web camera
IR Illumination Range
indicates the effective range at which a monochrome CCD camera can utilize the infra red light from an illuminator and create an image. Just like visible lights, more intense infra red lighting sources will provide a larger illumination area and range.
IR Infra Red Light
is a frequency of light which is lower than the human eye's visible spectrum (in the range of 850 ~ 950 nanometers). Color cameras CANNOT use infrared light whatsoever. However, this special band of light CAN be detected by most any monochrome CCD camera. Therefore, a black and white video camera in combination with infra red lighting can see in pitch dark conditions where the human eye is unable to distinguish anything. An infra red light source appears just the same as any visible light source on a black and white camera image. Infra red lighting for monochrome cameras should in no way be confused with new FLIR (forward-looking infra red) spotting scopes or cameras which produce a grainy, green-tinted picture and do not require additional infra red lighting sources.
IR Infra Red Wavelength
indicates the specific frequency of light (measured in nM-nanometers) an infra red illuminator emits.
Iris
An adjustable aperture built into a camera lens to permit control of the amount of light passing through the lens.
IRIS
A mechanical diaphragm which can be controlled manually or automatically to adjust the lens aperture.
Iris
The iris (on some lenses) controls how much light is let into the camera lens.
Isolation Amplifier
An amplifier with input circuitry and output circuitry designed to eliminate the effects of changes made at either upon the other.
Jitter
Small, rapid variations in a waveform due to mechanical disturbances or to changes in the characteristic of components. Supply voltages, imperfect synchronizing signals, circuits, etc.
Jpeg (or Jpg)
Pronounced "jay-peg" and stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group" who designed the standard. This is a standard way of compressing images which works particularly well for photographic images (as opposed to graphic art).
KHz (kilohertz)
is a measure of frequency. 1 GHz = 1000 MHz = 10,000 KHz = 100,000 Hz.
LCD Monitor
Liquid Crystal Display flat monitor
LED Lamp
see: infrared illuminator
Lens
A transparent optical component consisting of one or more pieces of optical glass with surfaces so curved (usually Spherical), that they serve to converge or diverge the transmitted rays of an object, thus forming a real or virtual image of that object.
Lens
A lens is an optical device which bends light, focusing it on onto a image sensor to create a distinct, visible image. All video cameras (and still cameras) need lenses in order to obtain a clear picture. Lenses come in a variety of focal lengths. The focal length of a lens, in combination with the size of the imager, will determine its field of view.
Lens
The lens of the camera determines the angle of view and the focus of the captured image. There are many different lens options.
LENS FORMAT
The approximate size of a lens projected image. In most cases the lens will project a image slightly greater than the designated image size to insure the pickup device is completely covered. It is recommended that camera and lenses are the same format size. A lens a larger format size can be used on a smaller format camera, however a smaller format lens should never be used with a larger format camera.
Lens Preset Positioning
Follower Pots are installed on lens that allows feedback to the controller information relevant to zoom and focus positioning allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a preselected scene and arrive in focus at the proper focal length automatically.
Lens Speed
Refers to the ability of a lens to transmit light, represented as the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the lens. A fast lens would be rated f/8. The larger the f number, the slower the lens.
Level Control
Used to set the auto-iris circuit to a video level desired by the user. Turning the level potentiometer towards the HIGH position will open the iris allowing more light to pass through the lens, towards the LOW will close the iris allowing less light to pass through the lens.
Light
Electromagnetic radiation detectable by the eye, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 750 nm.
Line Amplifier
An amplifier for audio or video signals that feeds a transmission line; also called program amplifier.
Line-of-sight (a.k.a. LOS) Range
refers to the ideal broadcast range of wireless audio/video link (transmitter and receiver) systems. Line-of-sight means the range when there is a visible pathway between the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna. As well, the line-of-sight specification indicates performance under absolute best conditions. Please be aware that just like home cordless telephones, TV reception, and cellular phone reception, wireless audio/video equipment can often be less than perfect! All wireless products are subject to limitations and vulnerabilities due to many potential variables.
Lipstick Camera
see: bullet camera
Loop Through
Also called looping. The method of feeding a series of high impedance circuits (such as multiple monitor/displays in parallel) from a pulse or video source with a coax transmission line in such a manner that the line is bridged (with minimum length stubs) and that the last unit properly terminates the line in its characteristic impedance. This minimizes discontinuities or reflections on the transmission line.
Loss
A reduction in signal level or strength, usually expressed in dB. Power dissipation serving no useful purpose.
Low Light (or Low Lux) Sensitivity
refers to a camera's performance under low lighting conditions. Although many camera distributors flash very low light "lux" numbers, these numbers often times have nothing to do with real world performance. Specifications offered by CCD manufacturers list the absolute lowest light level at which some pixels will be altered. However, a human being looking at that recorded video will never be able to distinguish anything under the lowest lighting conditions (near pitch black). Please understand that the latest Sony 1/3 " Ex-View and SuperHAD CCD chip sets have the best low light performance of any such other CCTV cameras on the market today.
Low Light
Refers to very dim lighting, even 'normal' darkness. Complete darkness is 0 lux. Infrared cameras work well in very low light conditions.
Low-Frequency Distortion
Distortion effects which occur at low frequencies. In television, generally considered as any frequency below the 15.75-kHz line frequency.
Lumen (LM)
A unit of incident light. It is the illumination on a surface one square foot in area on which a flux of one lumen is uniformly distributed, or the illumination at a surface all points of which are at a distance of one foot from a uniform source of one candela.
Luminance
Luminous intensity (photometric brightness) of any surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction, measured in footlamberts (fl).
Luminance Signal
That portion of the NTSC color television signal which contains the luminance or brightness information.
Lux
is a measure of light in terms of candle power (measured in foot candles). Lux is often given as a technical specification for cameras to describe the lowest level of light required for the camera to produce any kind of an image. However, this number lists the absolute lowest level of light needed to move ANY of the image sensor's pixels. Since humans cannot detect this change in the image or let alone make out a distinguishable picture, this manufacturer specification is often exaggerated and misleading. Although generally speaking a lower "lux" rating indicates performance in darker conditions, the number listed cannot give a real determination of real-world performance.
Manual Iris Lens
A lens with a built-in method of manually adjusting lens aperture for the best video quality for a specific lighting condition. Iris control on such a lens is set by hand to a paricular fixed aperture, allowing for the best possible (often better than auto-iris lenses) brightness and contrast for a specific camera angle / shot.
Matrix Switcher
A combination or array of electromechanical or electronic switches which route a number of signal sources to one or more designations.
Maximum Recording Time
indicates the longest continuous duration of time which could be recorded onto storage media using a VCR or DVR video recorder. Maximum recording time for ALL recorders will depend on the user setting for timelapse or realtime recording and the amount of storage media capacity. Maximum recording time for DVR recorders is also dependent on resolution settings as well as hard disk drive capacity. Maximum recording time for analog VCR recorders will depend on the size cassette tape, usually VHS, which is installed in the recorder.
MHz (megahertz)
is a measure of frequency. 1 GHz = 1000 MHz = 10,000 KHz = 100,000 Hz.
Micro Board Lenes
These types of lenses are visible (not easily hidden like a pinhole lens) and range in size from 14mm to 25mm in diamteter. Because it is physically larger than a pinhole lens, a micro board lens is able to accept more available light to provide the lowest possible low light performance.
Micro Camera
Very small cameras designed to work in covert applications where you don't want people to know that the camera is there. Also called 'hidden cameras'.
Milliamps (mA)
is a measure of electical current power consumption. 1 amp (A) = 1000 milliamps (mA).
Milliwatts (mW)
is a measure of RF radio frequency energy output. This term is most commonly applied to the RF output power of wireless A/V transmitters. For these types of devices, a higher number of milliwatts of output power indicates a more powerful (and usually further broadcasting) transmitter.
Miniature Camera
compact size camera measuring 1" x 1" squire. aka: mini camera, spy camera
MINIMUM OBJECT DISTANCE (M.O.D.)
The closest distance a given lens will be able to focus upon a object. Generally the smaller the focal length the shorter the M.O.D. This distance can be altered with use of extension tubes.
MINIMUM SUBJECT ILLUMINATION
This is minimum illumination required for recognizing the subject. This is generally 2 to 6 lux for color cameras, and 0.1 tux for black and white cameras. Also, minimum subject illumination changes according to the F value of combined lenses. With F1.2 lenses and F1.4 lenses, combined with an F1.2 lens minimum subject illumination is reduced, so that imaging is possible In dark locations.
Mirror Image Camera
camera use for vehicle backup viewing. Flips the image horizontally.
Modulation
The process, or results of the process, whereby some characteristic of one signal is varied in accordance with another signal. The modulated signal is called the carrier. The carrier may be modulated in three fundamental ways: by varying the amplitude, called amplitude modulation; by varying the frequency, called frequency modulation; by varying the phase, called phase modulation.
Modulator
refers to a device which is capable of transforming an analog video or audio signal (or other type of electical signal) into an RF radio frequency for wired installations. Modulating video into RF allows for longer cable runs in hardwired surveillance systems. Modulators, often called wired transmitters, also require a demodulating piece of equipment to reconvert the RF signal into a typical analog audio / video signal for proper display on a television, monitor, video recorder, etc.
Monitor
Security monitors are used to display the images from your cameras (or captured on your recording device). There are two basic kinds used today in CCTV applications. Analog or composite video monitors are used to display images in analog systems. They are just like a TV screen without the TV receiver. These are the monitors we have for sale on our site. Digital or VGA monitors (just like on your computer) are used with digital devices like the Digital Video Recorders. We don't include the monitor with our digital video recorders because you can pick one up more affordably at your local computer store (and not have to pay the shipping cost for such a heavy item). see: CCTV monitor
Monitor Screen Size
indicates the actual physical size of a monitor's viewing screen. However, this measurement is often different than the actual part of the monitor which produces a picture. The monitor viewing size spec describes the size of the picture on a monitor.
Monitor Viewing Size
indicates the size of a monitor's actual visible picture.
Monochrome
Black and white with all shades of gray.
Monochrome
refers to video captured in one monotone color scheme. For practical purposes, monochrome is another word for black and white in the video surveillance camera industry.
Monochrome Signal
In monochrome television, a signal wave for controlling the brightness values in the picture. In color television, that part of the signal wave which has major control of the brightness values of the picture, whether displayed in color or in monochrome.
Monochrome Transmission
The transmission of a signal wave which represents the brightness values in the picture, but not the color (chrominance) values.
Motion Detection
Refers to the feature in some VCRs and DVRs to only record video if something in the image moves or changes. Therefore you don't have to look through hours of taped video looking for something to happen. It also saves a lot of space on the tape or hard drive.
Motion Detector Camera
camera with a motion detector that turns on or send record signal to a VCR upon motion. aka: PIR camera, motion PIR camera
Motion PIR Camera
see: motion detector camera
Mounting Bracket
Various different kinds of mounting brackets are used to install cameras to the wall or ceiling.
Mpeg (or Mpg)
Pronounced "em-peg" and stands for "Motion Picture Experts Group" who designed the standard. This is a standard way of compressing audio and video files. (It's also the technology behind the now world-famous MP3 music files.)
Multiplexer (mux)
A video switching device that accepts video input from multiple cameras and converts them to all display on one monitor and / or video recorder, similar to a quad video processor. However, a multiplexer is far more advanced than a simple quad processor. Video multiplexers use time division multiplexing, meaning that a full frame of video from each camera is recorded every few seconds. While multiplexed video does not achieve true realtime display or recording (there is a slight drag to the images on playback), multiplexers do offer the capability to change between a view of several cameras and a solid closeup view of only a single camera's view on playback of recorded video. When using multiple cameras, quads and multiplexers help to cut down on the amount of additional equipment needed for a dedicated surveillance system. However, DVR digital video recorders with multiple video inputs are quickly replacing quads and multiplexers. DVRs are now capable of doing what required a processor and VCR in the past (plus a whole lot more).
Multiplexer
multi camera video processor with split viewing function plus full screen playback for each cameras from recording.
Multiplexer
A device that can accept a number of camera inputs and almost simultaneously display them on a single monitor and/or record them. Multiplexers can also be used to transmit multiple cameras over the same transmission medium.
Nanny Camera
complete spy camera system hidden inside various housings such as alarm clock, lamp, plant etc..
ND Filter
A filter that attenuates light evenly over the visible light spectrum. It reduces the light entering a lens, thus forcing the iris to open to its maximum.
Network Operation
is a feature of many DVR digital video recorders. This allows the user to connect the DVR system to another computer or computer network for dynamic recording control and playback on other computers. Network operation is also interconnected with remote viewing capability for record and playback features over the internet. However, most network operation features are complex and not intended for most novice users. Connecting a DVR recorder to a PC network may require additional hardware such as a WAN or LAN router in addition to some prior networking knowledge and experience.
Night Vision Camera
see: infrared camera
Noise
The word "noise" originated in audio practice and refers to random spurts of electrical energy or interference. In some cases, it will produce a "salt-and-pepper" pattern over the televised picture. Heavy noise is sometimes referred to as "snow".
Non-Composite Video
A video signal containing all information except sync.
NTSC
Abbreviation for National Television Systems Committee. A committee that worked with the FCC in formulating standards for the present day United States color television system.
NTSC
is the standard color video format used in North America, Japan, and some other places in the world. Black and white EIA video products are also generally referred to as NTSC because nearly all NTSC equipment can also handle black and white EIA video.
Observation System
see: CCTV system
Omni-Directional Antenna
An antenna for wireless equipment which sends or receives a propugated radio signal in all directions simultaneously. This differs greatly from a directional antenna which is only capable of sending or receiving information on the same axis as the corresponding antenna on the other end. Omni-directional antennas are great for short range broadcasts because of their versatility. However, high gain directional antennas are recommended for most long range wireless video applications.
Operating System (or OS)
Indicates the basic computer platform a DVR video recorder operates with.
Operating Temperature
indicates the temperature at which a device can safely and effectively work.
Outdoor Camera
Outdoor cameras come in special weatherproof housings that allow them to stand up well in tough weather and temperature conditions. a/k/a: weather proof camera, water proof camera
Output
The signal level at the output of an amplifier or other device.
Output Voltage
indicates the type of electrical current (AC or DC) and the voltage a device will emit to safely and effectively power another device.
Pager Camera
body worn camera in pager housing
PAL
is the standard color video format used in most of Europe, Asia, Israel, and many other places in the world. Black and white CCIR products are also generally referred to as PAL because all PAL equipment can also handle black and white CCIR video.
Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) Cameras
PTZ cameras allow you to adjust the position ('pan' is side-to-side, 'tilt' is up-and-down) and focus ('zoom') of the camera using a remote controller. Due to this added functionality, these cameras tend to cost much more than non-PTZ cameras
Pan/Tilt Preset Positioning
Follower pots are installed on pan/tilt unit to allow feedback to the controller and provides information relevant to horizontal and vertical positioning, allowing the controller to quickly adjust to a pre-selected scene automatically.
Parabolic Dish Antenna
An antenna for wireless equipment in the shape of a round concave dish or grid panel (similar to a home satellite dish). As highly directional antennas, parabolic dishes send or receive a propugated radio signal on the same axis as the corresponding antenna on the other end (with line-of-sight visibility between the two whenever possible). While omni-directional antennas are great for short range broadcasts because of their versatility, high gain directional antennas are recommended for most long range wireless video applications.
Patch Panel
A panel where circuits are terminated and facilities provided for interconnecting between circuits by means of jacks and plugs.
Peak Pulse Amplitude
The maximum absolute peak value of a pulse, excluding those portions considered to be unwanted, such as spikes.
Peak-to-Peak
The amplitude (voltage) difference between the most positive and the most negative excursions (peaks) of an electrical signal. A full video signal measures one volt peak to peak.
Pen Camera
body worn camera in pen housing
Phone Line Transceiver
camera server with modem built-in, transmits video and audio signal over phone line w/o a computer
Picture Element
See Pixel
Pin-hole Camera
Pin-hole cameras have a very small lens that can see through a small hole. These types of cameras are used in covert applications. A disadvantage of pin-hole cameras is that they require more lighting than normal cameras to capture a good clear picture.
Pinhole Bullet Camera
bullet camera with pinhole lens
Pinhole Camera
camera with pinhole lens
Pinhole Camera
indicates a video camera with a tiny pinhole lens built-in standard with the camera.
Pinhole Lens
tiny camera lens that can see through a opening little as 1/8" dia
PINHOLE LENS
A fixed focal length lens, for viewing through a very small aperture, used in discrete surveillance situations. The lens normally has no focusing control but offers a choice of iris functions.
Pinhole Lens
A pinhole lens is only 1/16th of one inch in diameter, so cameras with tiny pinhole lenses can easily be hidden for covert video surveillance applications. Cameras with this type of standard lens are typically referred to as pinhole cameras.
PIR Camera
see: motion detector camera
PIR Motion Sensor
Refers to a motion detector with passive infrared technology. These alarm sensors are often used with alarm/event VCR and DVR video recorders to trigger recording upon the detection of physical movement. However, PIR motion sensors are bulky and expensive. As advanced video motion detection software continues to improve, motion detectors are quickly being replaced with the built-in features of high quality DVR recorders.
Pixel
Short for Picture Element. A pixel is the smallest area of a television picture capable of being delineated by an electrical signal passed through the system of part thereof. The number of picture elements (pixels) in a complete picture, and their geometric characteristics of vertical height and horizontal width, provide information on the total amount of detail which the raster can display and on the sharpness of the detail, respectively.
Pixel
A camera's CCD image sensor consists of thousands of tiny sensor elements known as pixels. These sensors detect information about light and colors and translate that information into a viewable video image through digital signal processing. Of the total pixels on a CCD imager, some are constantly dormant while others are effective and actively work to create an image.
Plug and Play Cable
A cable that makes wiring cameras easy. Each camera needs to have a power wire and video wire (and sometimes an audio wire too), plus the connectors at the end of the wire to plug it in. The plug and play cables have all three wires built into one cable with the connectors already attached. The only disadvantage of plug and play cable is that the signal tends to degrade if run distances. For DVRs plug and play cables can be run reliably up to 100 ft. For analog systems - plug and play cable can be run up to 400 ft. If you need to run longer distances then you need to use the RG59 siamese cable.
Portable Camera
see: body worn camera
Portable Vcr
12V battery operated compact VCR used with body worn cameras for covert operation.
Power Consumption
refers to the amount of electical current an electical devices requires for operation, usually measured in amps (A) per hour (often seen in mA milliamps, 1 amp = 1000 milliamps). For example, a miniature video camera which draws 100 mA per hour will consume 1 ampere hour for every ten hours of continuous operation.
Power Input Plug
indicates the proper size and proper polarity configuration for a device's input voltage.
Power Output Plug
indicates the proper size and proper polarity configuration for a device's output voltage.
Power Supply
Also called an AC adaptor. All cctv devices needs power of some sort. Each device has its own power requirements (usually 12 volts with a minimum amperage). The power coming out of the wall (in the US) is 110 to 120 AC. The power supply converts the AC power to DC power and will adjust it to a specified amperage. The power supply should be included with each item - you don't have to buy these separately.
Power Zoom
indicates the ability to adjust a camera's field of view by remote control. Power zoom may also be described as remote zoom.
PRE-POSITION LENSES
Pre-position lenses are specially designed lenses with extra mechanical/electrical components to allow for computer interfacing. This function allows the lens (when used with the appropriate controller) to feedback to the controller information relevant to zoom and focus propositioning allowing the controller to quickly scan to a preselected scene, arriving in focus at the proper zoom point without operator intervention.
Primary Colors
Three colors wherein no mixture of any two can produce the third. In color television these are the additive primary colors red, blue and green.
Progressive Scan
The progressive scan format outputs data from the camera (the signal) in sequential order as it is scanned. The scan format produces a full frame of video in a continuous stream, rather than half the image per output sequence in traditional RS-170 CCD cameras. Standard RS-170 video is interlaced and output in two separate fields, generating essentially half the image at a time.
PTZ System
pan & tilt, zoom camera with controller. comes in indoor, outdoor or dome housing.
Quad
An analog device used to display 4 cameras simultaneously on a single monitor.
Quad Processor
multiple camera processor that can combine cameras signals onto one monitor or a VCR by splitting the screen into 4 quadrants aka: quad splitter
Quad Processor
is a video switching device that accepts video input from four cameras and converts them to all display on one monitor and / or video recorder. When using multiple cameras, quads and multiplexers help to cut down on the amount of additional equipment needed for a dedicated surveillance system. However, DVR digital video recorders with multiple video inputs are quickly replacing quads and multiplexers. DVRs are now capable of doing what required a processor and VCR in the past (plus a whole lot more).
Quad Splitter
see: quad processor
RCA
is a common connector plug for standard consumer video and audio equipment. This type of connector plug may also be descibed as a "phono" plug. RCA jacks are found on all VCRs and televisions equipped to handle a composite video input. In most cases, RCA jacks are color coded yellow, white, and red. BNC plugs are easily adapted to standard consumer RCA connectors using a simple one-piece plug adapter.
Realtime (or Real Time)
Refers to video recorded at the same speed as action occurs (so it may be played back at the speed of real time without drag). Realtime video is phased at 30 frames per second (60 fields per second) for NTSC video and 25 frames per second (50 fields per second) for PAL format equipment. Basically all VCR recorders record realtime video, but MOST digital DVR recorders do not.
Receiver
Can refer to two different devices for CCTV. Wired receivers are used to demodulate video for extended video runs of more than one hundred and fifty feet. These receivers convert a video signal (and potentially a power and / or audio signal) from an RF radio frequency signal into composite video for TV display and recording. A transmitter at the opposite end of the wiring first modulates that signal into the RF frequency before sending it to the receiver for decryption. Wireless receivers similarly demodulate video (and sometimes audio) from an RF radio frequency, but this signal is "beamed" from a transmitter through the air without wires. A wireless transmitter sends it video images back to this wireless receiver.
Receiver Sensitivity
indicates the sensitivity of a wireless receiver in picking up a good reliable signal from the matching wireless transmitter using the stock antenna. Sensitivity measurements of -75 dB and lower indicate very high gain potential for a wireless receiver.
Recording Media
refers to the magnetic storage device used to store recorded video. For many analog recorders this is a tape cassette, but DVR recorders use HDD hard disk drives. CDs and DVDs can also be types of media used to record digital video.
Recording Resolution
refers to the maximum number of horizontal lines of resolution a VCR or DVR video recorder is capable of recording. Most consumer recorders do not detect nearly the number of lines of horizontal TV resolution high quality CCD cameras produce. However, using a high quality, high resolution video recorder can yield brilliantly sharp images on playback.
Remote Control
is a device used to control the features of a piece of equipment without physically adjusting anything on the equipment. Some products feature a wired remote control. This allows a user to control many functions remotely, but this controller must be plugged directly into the device. Other products can be used with a wireless remote control. These types of controllers allow the user to adjust functions remotely. The information is "beamed" wirelessly to the device using an IR infrared signal from the controller.
Remote Playback
is a feature of many DVR video recorders. This allows users to play back recorded video over the internet from virtually any computer in the world.
Remote Surveillance
The ability to view your cameras from a remote location. Information is transmitted via phone line or internet.
Remote Viewing
is a feature of many DVR video recorders. This allows users to monitor CCTV cameras over the internet from virtually any computer in the world.
Remote Zoom
indicates the ability to adjust a camera's field of view by remote control. Remote zoom may also be described as powered zoom.
Resolution (horizontal)
The amount of resolvable detail in the horizontal direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct vertical lines, alternately black and white, which can be seen in a distance equal to picture height.
Resolution (Scanning Lines)
refers to something quite a bit different than what is generally considered to be resolution. Video display on a monitor requires the image to be constantly shifting (scanning) in order to disply in real time. For instance, NTSC format video is based on a 525 scanning lines operating at a frequency of 60 Hz (PAL format is 625 lines, 50 Hz) for transmission and display of video images. This is an interlaced system in which each frame is scanned in two fields of 262 lines, which is then combined to display a complete frame of video with 525 scan lines. Scan lines (also referred to as "vertical resolution") of video are equivalent for each different video format, but every device must comply with these standards. Horizontal resolution, on the other hand, indicates the number of pixel elements contained placed horizontally across these scanning lines. Horizontal resolution varies based on the abilities of each different camera and each different monitor.
Resolution (TV Lines)
refers to the maximum number of vertical lines / pixel elements (horizontal resolution) a video camera is capable of displaying on a monitor or registering with a video recording device. Horizontal resolution indicates the number of pixel elements placed horizontally across each scanning line of resolution (vertical resolution). Horizontal resolution varies based on the abilities of each different camera and each different monitor. Although the number of TV lines of horizontal resolution is generally considered a measure of a camera's level of detail and sharpness, this specification does not always indicate true end video quality.
Resolution (vertical)
The amount of resolvable detail in the vertical direction in a picture. It is usually expressed as the number of distinct horizontal lines, alternately black and white, which can theoretically be seen in a picture.
Retained Image
Also called image burn. A change produced in or on the target which remains for a large number of frames after the removal of a previously stationary light image and which yields a spurious electrical signal corresponding to that light image.
RESOLUTION
A measure of the ability of a camera or television system to reproduce detail. The number of picture elements that can be reproduced with good definition.
Resolution
Refers to how much detail can be captured on a camera or displayed on a monitor. Cameras typically capture about 380 horizontal lines of resolution. High resolution cameras may capture 450 lines of resolution or more. The higher the resolution, the more detail that can be captured in a picture. The monitors and recording devices can generally handle at least as much resolution as the cameras can capture.
Resolution, Limiting
The details that can be distinguished on the television screen. Vertical resolution refers to the number of horizontal black and white lines that can be resolved in the picture height. Horizontal resolution refers to the black and white lines resolved in a dimension equal to the vertical height and may be limited by the video amplifier bandwidth.
RF (Radio Frequency)
A frequency at which coherent electromagnetic radiation of energy is useful for communication purposes. Also, the entire range of such frequencies.
RF Frequency
is a term used to describe radio signals coming inbound to a receiver or outbound from a transmitter (usually wireless). Radio frequency is a term reserved for radio signals at a frequency of more than 150 Hz.
RF Input Plug
indicates the connection interface between pieces of wireless equipment. In most cases, the RF input plug refers to the appropriate plug type for connecting an antenna to a wireless transmitter or receiver.
RF Output Plug
indicates the connection interface between pieces of wireless equipment. In most cases, the RF output plug refers to the type of plug coming from a wireless antenna for connecting into the RF antenna input plug on a wireless transmitter or receiver.
RF Output Power
indicates the effective "strength" of a wireless transmitter's audio / video signal. Generally speaking, RF output power (in combination with RF frequency) has a huge effect on the range one can expect from a wireless transmitter. Transmitters with higher output power (operating on the same frequency) will in most cases deliver a longer distance wireless broadcast range. RF output power is typically measured in milliwatts (mW) or watts (W).
RG59 Siamese Cable
This type of cable combines the power wire with the video wire. You have to add your own connectors to each end of the cable. Use this type of cable when you need to run distances longer than 100 ft with a digital system, or more than 400 ft. with an analog system (see the plug and play cable above). The RG59 Siamese cable can be run reliably up to 1000 ft.
Ripple
Amplitude variations in the output voltage of a power supply caused by insufficient filtering.
Roll
A loss of vertical synchronization which causes the picture to move up or down on a receiver or monitor.
S/N (Signal-to-Noise) Ratio
indicates the ratio of noise to actual total signal (in a video or audio signal generally speaking). The S/N number measures how much higher the signal level is to the level of background electronic noise, so a higher number means a clearer and crisper picture. Signal-to-noise ratio is expressed in decibels (dB).
S/n Ration
signal to noise ratio; this number represents how much signal noise the camera can tolerate and still provide a good picture. The higher the number the better.
Saturation
In color, the degree to which a color is diluted with white light or is pure. The vividness of a color, described by such terms as bright, deep, pastel, pale, etc. Saturation is directly related to the amplitude of the chrominance signal.
Scanning
The process of moving the electron beam of a pickup tube or a picture tube across the target or screen area of a tube.
Sensitivity
In television, a factor expressing the incident illumination upon a specified scene required to produce a specified picture signal at the output terminals of a television camera.
Scanning System
refers to the method in which video information is processed for display on a monitor is an interlaced system in which each frame of video is scanned in two fields on a horizontal line. This type of system is called 2:1 interlace video.
Security Camera
see: CCTV camera
Security Monitor
see: CCTV monitor
Shutter
Ability to control the integration (of light) time to the sensor to less than 1/60 second; e.g: stop motion of moving traffic.
Signal System
refers to the basic electical system frequency a video image is phased on. In the United States and many other places across the world, 60 Hz is the standard for most all types of AC and DC electical devices (including video cameras and monitors). For this reason, standard NTSC video is phased at a frequency of 60 Hz. PAL format video, on the other hand, has a signal phased at a rate of 50 Hz.
SIGNAL-TO NOISE RATIO (S/N)
An S/N ratio can be given for the luminance signal, chrominance signal and audio signal. The S/N ratio is the ratio of noise to actual total signal, and it shows how much higher the signal level is than the level of noise. It is expressed in decibels (dB). The bigger the value is, the crisper and clearer the picture and sound will be during playback. An S/N ratio is calculated with the logarithm of the normal signal and the noise RMS value.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
The ratio between useful television signal and disturbing noise or snow.
Simplex, Duplex, and Triplex
concern the operation of video recorders and multiple camera video processors like quads and multiplexers. Simplex, duplex, or triplex capablility reveals the number of device capacities which can be used simultaneously. For instance, a simplex device is only capable of performing one type of task at a time, whether that be recording or playback. A duplex device can perform two simultaneous functions like record and configure the monitor display for a certain closeup view. Triplex devices are capable of three tasks at the same time (usually record, playback, and zoom or other display functions).
Smart Search
This is a feature of our digital video recorders that allows you to search for changes in a particular area of an image over time. For example, if a wallet was stolen off of a table, you could go to a point on the video where the wallet is there, draw a virtual box around that area, then search the video recording for changes to that particular area. This would allow you to locate the exact point on the video where the wallet was removed.
Snow
Heavy random noise.
Spike
A transient of short duration, comprising part of a pulse, during which the amplitude considerably exceeds the average amplitude of the pulse.
Spy Camera
general term for cameras used in covert applications. aka: miniature camera, covert camera, pinhole camera
Square Board Camera
A square board design refers to a camera with a square shape using a board-style video imaging chip (rather than an inline bullet design). These cameras are usually called "board cameras," though they may have either an exposed board or an enclosed board.
Standard Minimum Signal
1000 microvolts at 75 ohms (0dB mV) in RF systems; 0.7-VPP non-composite, 1-VPP composite in video systems.
Storage Temperature
indicates the highest and lowest possible temperature at which a device can safely and effectively be stored or shipped.
Switch
A switch will take multiple camera inputs and will show them on the monitor one at a time. Unlike a quad it will not display them all at once, instead it sequences through them showing one camera at a time. It will also allow you to select a particular camera to view.
Sync
A contraction of "synchronous" or "synchronize".
SYNC
This is the timing used by the security camera when imaging (synchronizing). There are sync systems that synchronize with the internal sync signal circuit (internal sync.), or that synchronize with a sync signal input to the security camera from outside (external sync.), or those that use the cycle of the camera's AC power to synchronize (line lock). When switching between several security cameras for surveillance using one monitor, synchronizing the cameras is necessary. For this, the line lock and external sync systems are used.
Sync Generator
A device for generating a synchronizing signal.
Sync Level
The level of the peaks of the synchronizing signal.
Sync Signal
The signal employed for the synchronizing of scanning.
Synchronizing
Maintaining two or more scanning processes in phase.
Tearing
A term used to describe a picture condition in which groups of horizontal lines are displaced in an irregular manner.
Test Pattern
A chart especially prepared for checking overall performance of a television system. It contains various combinations of lines and geometric shapes. The camera is focused on the chart, and the pattern is viewed at the monitor for fidelity.
Tilt
refers to vertical motion of a camera. Any equipment capable of tilting can move up and down along a vertical axis. Some equipment, indicated as "PTZ," has the ability to tilt as well as pan and zoom.
Time Lapse Vcr
VCR with long recording capability up to 960 hours on single tape
Time-lapse VCR
A VCR that can be set to slow down its recording rate in order to extend the length of time that can be recorded on a standard tape up to as much as 960 hours. This is possible by recording one frame at time at set time intervals. Most units have an alarm input signal so it can be automatically switched to real time mode in case of an alarm.
Timelapse
is a feature of most CCTV-industry VCR and DVR video recorders. Timelapse refers to recording one still video image (frame) at fewer than 30 frames per second. The speed of this recording can usually be adjusted. Timelapse video is therefore slower than realtime recording and has a drag when the video is played back. One advantage of timelapse recording is the ability to increase maximum recording time so longer periods of time can be captured on a video tape or digital hard disk drive media. However, a major disadvantage of timelapse recording is missing many frames of video and missing much of what happens during a given period of time. There is no way to recover these missed frames on playback. For the ultimate in surveillance, realtime video recorders deliver the most complete and accurate video information of what occurred.
Total Pixels
concerns the operation of a camera's CCD image sensor. This number measures the complete count of pixel elements on a camera's CCD image sensor. This number should not be confused with effective pixels, which can provide a more telling description of a camera's resolution.
Transformer
A device used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another, especially a pair of multiply wound, inductively coupled wire coils that effect such a transfer with a change in voltage, current, phase, or other electric characteristic.
Transients
Signals which exist for a brief period of time prior to the attainment of a steady-state condition. These may include overshoots, damped sinusoidal waves, etc.
Transmitter
can refer to two different devices for CCTV. Wired transmitters (sometimes called modulators) are used to modulate video for extended video runs of more than one hundred and fifty feet. These transmitters convert a video signal (and potentially a power and / or audio signal) into an RF radio frequency signal. A receiver at the opposite end of the wiring demodulates that signal back into traditional composite video for compatibility with standard equipment. Wireless transmitters similarly modulate video (and sometimes audio) into an RF radio frequency, but this signal is "beamed" through the air without wires. A wireless transmitter sends it video images back to a wireless receiver.
Underwater Camera
see: fishing camera
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
is a special type of power supply commonly found in the security industry. This power supply is used to back up the system for ten minutes or more in the event of a main power failure. The time duration of this available emergency power depends on the size of the UPS and the current power consumption of the equipment in use.
Varifocal Lens
This lens allows the user / installer to manually adjust the camera's field of view. Varifocal lenses can therefore be changed to provide wider viewing angles or narrower telephoto viewing angles. Because of their adjustability, varifocal lenses are great when a camera will serve more than one purpose or to ensure proper focus without first determining an exact fixed lens focal length. Varifocal lenses are also typically referred to as zoom lenses.
VCR
Stands for video cassette recorder. This is an analog device capable of accepting a video (and usually audio) input signal for recording onto magnetic tape media. These tapes can then be played back using the same VCR.
Vertical Resolution
The number of horizontal lines that can be seen in the reproduced image of a television pattern.
VHS
The most common standard size for VCR cassettes. For normal VHS tape cassettes, there are three generally available recording lengths: T-120, T-160, and T-200. The number indicates the number of minutes recording on the tape in a VCR's highest resolution and fastest recording speed. However, the number of minutes attainable from such a tape is variable depending on the features of the VCR video recorder. For instance, most home VCR units have "extended play" or "slow play" modes to capture more time on a single tape. Many security VCRs also feature extended realtime recording and / or timelapse recording options to help conserve tapes.
Video Amplifier
A wideband amplifier used for passing picture signals.
Video Band
The frequency band width utilized to transmit a composite video signal.
Video Capture Card
Computer cards that you can install on the motherboard of your own computer to create your own video recording computer. Due to compatibility issues with this type of device, we do not sell these separately.
Video Gain
An increase in video signal power by an amplifier, expressed as the ratio of output to input. Also called amplification.
Video Input
A connection in a video controller or recording device that you can plug a camera into. The more video inputs (also called camera inputs) available on a device the more cameras you can connect to it.
Video Input Plug
indicates the plug size and configuration used for a device's video input. The most common types of plugs for composite video are BNC, RCA, and 1/8" mini.
Video Input Type
refers to the type of video a device will accept for display, recording, etc. For use with S-Video, RGB component video, VGA, or other specialized / digital video formats, an adapter or converter may be required.
Video Monitor
see: CCTV monitor
Video Motion Detection
This is an advanced software feature which can detect motion in a camera's field of view and begin recording based on this motion detection. This type of detection can in most cases be adjusted in sensitivity. As well, a user can select and deselect areas in each camera's view for motion detection function. Advanced video motion detection erases the need for bulky and expensive PIR motion sensors.
Video Observation
see: CCTV system
Video Output Plug
indicates the plug size and configuration used for a device's video output. The most common types of plugs for composite video are BNC, RCA, and 1/8" mini.
Video Output Type
refers to the type of video a camera or other device will output for display, recording, etc. on another device. For use with S-Video, RGB component video, VGA, or other specialized / digital video formats, an adapter or converter may be required.
Video Quality
is of course always subjective. However | |
